- Capability group
- Energy Technologies
- Domain
- Critical Technology · Hard Power
- Identifier
- factbase.org/cap/M079CQ720P
- Reference
- Electric battery Wikipedia
Papers
138.4k
2020–2024
Paper growth
+67%
2020–24 on 2015–19
Patent families
260.4k
2020–2024
Filed abroad
30%
families in more than one office
What it covers
What the capability covers and what it leaves to others, and the indicators it will be measured by.
Bounds
Covers storage technology from chemistry to cell and pack manufacture; grid-scale installations belong to Strategic Infrastructure, and battery-materials supply reads at the control layer, shared with the materials group.
Lineage
Carried from v0.0 (formerly Electric batteries) with the same identifier, absorbing Supercapacitors (retired): one storage capacity, two chemistries, with the distinction living at the indicator layer.
Indicators
- research publication share in energy storageResearch
- battery cell manufacturing capacityPending
- battery patent familiesPatents
- cell export sharePending
Who publishes it
Papers classified to the capability, by year and by the nation of their authors' institutions, 2020–2024. Read from the v0.0 research topics Electric batteries and Supercapacitors.
Papers by year
The five leading nations, papers by year
Share of papers, 2020–2024
Of papers with a known author nation; 25% have none and are left out.
- 1China39.7%52,213 papers
- 2United States9.4%12,291 papers
- 3India7.0%9,178 papers
- 4South Korea5.4%7,093 papers
- 5Germany3.8%4,984 papers
- 6United Kingdom2.9%3,851 papers
- 7Japan2.4%3,130 papers
- 8Australia2.4%3,093 papers
- 9Canada1.7%2,236 papers
- 10France1.6%2,092 papers
Leading institutions, 2020–2024
By fractional count: each paper divided among its authors' institutions.
- 1Central South University1,211fractional papers
- 2Tsinghua University849fractional papers
- 3Chinese Academy of Sciences832fractional papers
- 4Beijing Institute of Technology775fractional papers
- 5Harbin Institute of Technology638fractional papers
- 6Huazhong University of Science and Technology582fractional papers
- 7Xi'an Jiaotong University581fractional papers
- 8Wuhan University of Technology500fractional papers
- 9University of Science and Technology of China482fractional papers
- 10Guangdong University of Technology469fractional papers
Who patents it
Patent families by the nation of origin of their applicants and their earliest priority year, from the CPC and IPC classes the capability is read from. 2025 onwards is incomplete: families are published 18 months after priority.
Families by priority year
The five leading origins, families by year
24,275 applicants filed here in 2015–2024; the five largest held 18% of families (HHI 93 of 10,000: unconcentrated).
Share of families by origin, 2020–2024
- 1China60.9%158,520 families
- 2South Korea15.9%41,447 families
- 3Japan11.0%28,629 families
- 4United States4.3%11,190 families
- 5Germany3.6%9,425 families
- 6France0.9%2,449 families
- 7Taiwan0.5%1,338 families
- 8United Kingdom0.4%973 families
- 9Sweden0.3%825 families
- 10Italy0.3%689 families
Applicants filing most internationally, 2015–2024
Families filed in more than one office, by applicant as the offices name them.
- 1LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD9,709international families
- 2CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD7,305international families
- 3NINGDE CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LTD6,804international families
- 4SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD5,260international families
- 5TOYOTA MOTOR CORP4,290international families
- 6TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD4,155international families
- 7LG CHEMICAL LTD3,852international families
- 8PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD3,217international families
- 9CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY HONG KONG LTD2,531international families
- 10NINGDE AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY LTD1,855international families
Classification read
- H01M Batteries: cells, electrodes, electrolytes, casings and manufacture · 9.6m documents
- H01G11/00 Supercapacitors and hybrid capacitors · 301.6k documents
Shares inventions with
Capabilities whose classes the same families also fall in, by overlap (Jaccard).
- Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels7,707 families · 0.052
- Nanomaterials & Metamaterials2,334 families · 0.016
Who makes it
The companies that research, design, make, supply and operate the technology, the global leaders and the leading firms of every region.
50 companies in this capability, from 23 nations across 8 regions. Sorted by how experts see each company's global relevance in the field, from very high to very low.
- Very high4 companies
- 1Very highHardware & devicesNingdeChina2011132k300750
CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology)World's largest lithium-ion cell maker with roughly 38% of global EV battery installations, and a leading supplier of LFP and sodium-ion cells for EVs and stationary storage; also the second-largest international patent applicant in this field.
Very high relevance · Hardware & devices · China, Ningde · founded 2011 · 132k staff
- 2Very highHardware & devicesShenzhenChina1995–002594
Second-largest battery maker worldwide; its FinDreams Battery unit makes the LFP Blade cell for its own EVs, outside automakers and energy-storage systems.
Very high relevance · Hardware & devices · China, Shenzhen · founded 1995
- 3Very highComponents & subsystemsSeoulSouth Korea2020–373220
Largest battery maker outside China, with plants in Korea, Poland, China and the US and the most international battery patent filings of any applicant.
Very high relevance · Components & subsystems · South Korea, Seoul · founded 2020
- 4Very highComponents & subsystemsKadoma, OsakaJapan1918–6752
Panasonic Holdings (Panasonic Energy)Panasonic Energy is the leading maker of cylindrical cells (2170 and 4680), Tesla's long-standing supplier, and runs gigafactories in Nevada and Kansas.
Very high relevance · Components & subsystems · Japan, Kadoma, Osaka · founded 1918
- High10 companies
- 5HighComponents & subsystemsYonginSouth Korea1970–006400
Major maker of prismatic and cylindrical EV and ESS cells, with a pilot line for all-solid-state batteries and US joint ventures with Stellantis and GM.
High relevance · Components & subsystems · South Korea, Yongin · founded 1970
- 6HighHardware & devicesSeoulSouth Korea2021–Private
SK Innovation's battery subsidiary, making pouch NCM cells for Hyundai, Ford and VW at plants in Korea, the US, Hungary and China.
High relevance · Hardware & devices · South Korea, Seoul · founded 2021
- 7HighHardware & devicesChangzhouChina2007–3931
China's third-largest EV battery maker, supplying Guangzhou Auto, Xpeng and others, and building a cell plant in Portugal.
High relevance · Hardware & devices · China, Changzhou · founded 2007
- 8HighComponents & subsystemsHefeiChina2006–002074
LFP cell maker part-owned by Volkswagen, with overseas gigafactories in Morocco (Kenitra, 20 GWh, Africa's first), Slovakia, Vietnam and the US.
High relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Hefei · founded 2006
- 9HighComponents & subsystemsHuizhouChina2001–300014
One of the top energy-storage cell suppliers and a maker of large cylindrical EV cells, with plants in Hungary and Malaysia.
High relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Huizhou · founded 2001
- 10HighHardware & devicesAustin, TexasUnited States2003126kTSLA
Makes 4680 cells in-house and is one of the world's largest deployers of stationary storage (Megapack and Powerwall).
High relevance · Hardware & devices · United States, Austin, Texas · founded 2003 · 126k staff
- 11HighComponents & subsystemsXiamenChina2019–Private
Among the top three makers of stationary-storage LFP cells worldwide, with a 5 GWh joint venture announced in Saudi Arabia and a plant in Texas.
High relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Xiamen · founded 2019
- 12HighHardware & devicesToyota CityJapan1937381k7203
Japan's largest battery patent filer; it leads all-solid-state battery R&D and makes hybrid and EV cells through Primearth EV Energy and Prime Planet Energy & Solutions.
High relevance · Hardware & devices · Japan, Toyota City · founded 1937 · 381k staff
- 13HighAdvanced materialsCheongjuSouth Korea2016–247540
One of the largest makers of high-nickel cathode materials, supplying Samsung SDI and SK On, and building a cathode plant in Hungary.
High relevance · Advanced materials · South Korea, Cheongju · founded 2016
- 14HighAdvanced materialsShenzhenChina2000–835185
World's largest supplier of lithium-ion anode materials (natural and synthetic graphite, silicon-carbon), with projects in Indonesia and Morocco.
High relevance · Advanced materials · China, Shenzhen · founded 2000
- Moderate17 companies
- 15ModerateComponents & subsystemsShenzhenChina1997–300207
Leading supplier of consumer-electronics battery packs and a fast-growing maker of EV and ESS cells.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Shenzhen · founded 1997
- 16ModerateHardware & devicesYokohamaJapan2007–Private
Originally Nissan's Leaf battery maker and now owned by China's Envision Group, operating cell plants in Japan, the UK, France, Spain, China and the US.
Moderate relevance · Hardware & devices · Japan, Yokohama · founded 2007
- 17ModerateHardware & devicesChangzhouChina2018–Private
Battery maker spun out of Great Wall Motor that developed cobalt-free NMx and short-blade LFP cells for EVs and storage.
Moderate relevance · Hardware & devices · China, Changzhou · founded 2018
- 18ModerateComponents & subsystemsWenzhouChina2017–0666
Tsingshan-backed LFP cell maker ranked among the top global suppliers of energy-storage cells, with a plant in Indonesia.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Wenzhou · founded 2017
- 19ModerateAdvanced materialsPohangSouth Korea1971–003670
Korea's only producer of both cathode and anode (natural and synthetic graphite) materials, with a cathode joint venture with GM in Canada.
Moderate relevance · Advanced materials · South Korea, Pohang · founded 1971
- 20ModerateAdvanced materialsBrusselsBelgium1805–UMI
Major Western supplier of NMC cathode materials and battery recycling, with plants in Korea, China, Poland and Canada.
Moderate relevance · Advanced materials · Belgium, Brussels · founded 1805
- 21ModerateChemicals & gasesSantiagoChile1968–SQM
SQM (Sociedad Química y Minera)One of the two largest lithium producers in the world (Salar de Atacama), supplying battery-grade lithium carbonate and hydroxide to cathode and cell makers.
Moderate relevance · Chemicals & gases · Chile, Santiago · founded 1968
- 22ModerateComponents & subsystemsKyotoJapan2004–6674
Major maker of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries for automotive, industrial, aerospace (ISS, Boeing 787) and defence uses, and partner with Honda on EV cells.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · Japan, Kyoto · founded 2004
- 23ModerateComponents & subsystemsKyotoJapan1944–6981
Took over Sony's lithium-ion battery business in 2017 and makes small cylindrical and all-solid-state cells as well as capacitive storage components.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · Japan, Kyoto · founded 1944
- 24ModerateSystems integrationArlington, VirginiaUnited States2018–FLNC
Siemens and AES joint venture that ranks among the leading global integrators of battery energy-storage systems, with its own Gridstack products and software.
Moderate relevance · Systems integration · United States, Arlington, Virginia · founded 2018
- 25ModerateComponents & subsystemsSalzgitterGermany2022–Private
Volkswagen's battery company, building unified-cell gigafactories in Salzgitter, Valencia and St. Thomas, Ontario, and partnering with QuantumScape on solid-state cells.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · Germany, Salzgitter · founded 2022
- 26ModerateHardware & devicesLevallois-PerretFrance1918–Private
TotalEnergies' battery subsidiary, making specialty lithium-ion and nickel batteries for defence, space, rail and aviation, plus grid-storage systems.
Moderate relevance · Hardware & devices · France, Levallois-Perret · founded 1918
- 27ModerateComponents & subsystemsSan JoseUnited States2010–QS
Developer of anode-free solid-state lithium-metal cells with a ceramic separator, licensed to Volkswagen's PowerCo for industrialisation.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · United States, San Jose · founded 2010
- 28ModerateComponents & subsystemsTaoyuanTaiwan2006–Private
Taiwan's solid-state battery pioneer, which makes lithium-ceramic cells and is building a gigafactory in Dunkirk, France.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · Taiwan, Taoyuan · founded 2006
- 29ModerateHardware & devicesSomerville, MassachusettsUnited States2017––
Maker of 100-hour iron-air batteries for multi-day grid storage, produced at its Weirton, West Virginia factory.
Moderate relevance · Hardware & devices · United States, Somerville, Massachusetts · founded 2017
- 30ModerateAdvanced materialsAlameda, CaliforniaUnited States2011––
Silicon-anode materials developer (Titan Silicon) supplying Panasonic and Mercedes-Benz from its Moses Lake, Washington plant.
Moderate relevance · Advanced materials · United States, Alameda, California · founded 2011
- 31ModerateComponents & subsystemsTallinnEstonia2009–Private
Europe's leading ultracapacitor maker (curved-graphene SuperBattery and ultracapacitor cells), founded in Estonia with production in Germany.
Moderate relevance · Components & subsystems · Estonia, Tallinn · founded 2009
- Low12 companies
- 32LowComponents & subsystemsGanzhouChina2009–688567
Maker of pouch NCM cells (and partner in Siro, Turkey's Togg battery joint venture), supplying Mercedes-Benz and Chinese automakers.
Low relevance · Components & subsystems · China, Ganzhou · founded 2009
- 33LowHardware & devicesBruges (Gironde)France2020–Private
Automotive Cells Company (ACC)Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz and TotalEnergies/Saft joint venture running a gigafactory at Billy-Berclau/Douvrin in France.
Low relevance · Hardware & devices · France, Bruges (Gironde) · founded 2020
- 34LowComponents & subsystemsKolkataIndia1947–EXIDEIND
India's largest battery maker, which through its subsidiary Exide Energy Solutions is commissioning a 12 GWh lithium-ion cell gigafactory in Bengaluru.
Low relevance · Components & subsystems · India, Kolkata · founded 1947
- 35LowHardware & devicesTirupatiIndia1985–ARE&M
Major Indian lead-acid battery maker that is building a lithium-ion cell giga-corridor in Telangana, with LFP technology licensed from Gotion.
Low relevance · Hardware & devices · India, Tirupati · founded 1985
- 36LowHardware & devicesBengaluruIndia2017–OLAELEC
Runs India's first operating in-house lithium-ion cell gigafactory in Krishnagiri, making the 4680 'Bharat Cell' at 2.5 GWh in 2026 and scaling to 6 GWh.
Low relevance · Hardware & devices · India, Bengaluru · founded 2017
- 37LowComponents & subsystemsGrenobleFrance2020––
French startup backed by Renault that has opened a 16 GWh high-performance NMC cell gigafactory in Dunkirk.
Low relevance · Components & subsystems · France, Grenoble · founded 2020
- 38LowOperations & infrastructureBangkokThailand2006–EA
Operates Thailand's first lithium-ion battery gigafactory (Amita Technology, Chachoengsao), supplying its own EV buses and storage systems.
Low relevance · Operations & infrastructure · Thailand, Bangkok · founded 2006
- 39LowResearch & IPHerzliyaIsrael2012––
Israeli developer of silicon-dominant extreme fast-charging (XFC) EV cells, backed by Daimler, BP, Volvo and Polestar.
Low relevance · Research & IP · Israel, Herzliya · founded 2012
- 40LowComponents & subsystemsMississaugaCanada1996–ELVA
Canadian maker of long-life lithium-ion ceramic-separator batteries for material-handling and heavy vehicles, with a solid-state program and a plant in Jamestown, New York.
Low relevance · Components & subsystems · Canada, Mississauga · founded 1996
- 41LowAdvanced materialsBrisbaneAustralia2012–NVX
Australian maker of synthetic graphite anode material (Chattanooga, Tennessee plant) and high-precision battery cell testing equipment.
Low relevance · Advanced materials · Australia, Brisbane · founded 2012
- 42LowHardware & devicesBelo JardimBrazil1957–Private
Latin America's largest automotive and industrial battery maker, expanding from lead-acid into lithium-ion packs and storage systems.
Low relevance · Hardware & devices · Brazil, Belo Jardim · founded 1957
- 43LowComponents & subsystemsJohannesburgSouth Africa1948–MTA
Through First National Battery in South Africa and Mutlu Akü in Turkey, it is Africa's largest battery maker, producing automotive, industrial and lithium energy-storage batteries.
Low relevance · Components & subsystems · South Africa, Johannesburg · founded 1948
- Very low7 companies
- 44Very lowEquipment & machineryJaraguá do SulBrazil1961–WEGE3
Brazil's largest electrical-equipment maker, which designs and assembles battery energy-storage systems (WEG ESS) and EV battery packs for Latin American markets.
Very low relevance · Equipment & machinery · Brazil, Jaraguá do Sul · founded 1961
- 45Very lowComponents & subsystemsHanoiVietnam2021–Private
VinES Energy Solutions (Vingroup)Vingroup's battery company, which makes battery packs for VinFast and is developing LFP cell production with Gotion in Ha Tinh, Vietnam.
Very low relevance · Components & subsystems · Vietnam, Hanoi · founded 2021
- 46Very lowComponents & subsystemsJakartaIndonesia2021–State-owned
State holding of MIND ID, Antam, Pertamina and PLN that anchors Indonesia's nickel-to-battery chain and holds stakes in the HLI Green Power cell plant (with Hyundai and LG) and in a CATL joint venture.
Very low relevance · Components & subsystems · Indonesia, Jakarta · founded 2021
- 47Very lowOperations & infrastructureAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates2006–State-owned
Developing, with EWEC, a 19 GWh battery-storage project paired with 5.2 GW of solar in Abu Dhabi, the world's largest solar-plus-storage scheme, and investing in storage developers abroad.
Very low relevance · Operations & infrastructure · United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi · founded 2006
- 48Very lowHardware & devicesKayseriTürkiye1981–State-owned
Owned by the Turkish Armed Forces Foundation, it runs Turkey's first cylindrical lithium-ion cell factory in Kayseri, making defence, mobility and storage batteries.
Very low relevance · Hardware & devices · Türkiye, Kayseri · founded 1981
- 49Very lowResearch & IPBerissoArgentina2013–State-owned
YPF and CONICET technology company that opened UniLiB, Argentina's first lithium-ion cell plant (La Plata), and leads national battery R&D.
Very low relevance · Research & IP · Argentina, Berisso · founded 2013
- 50Very lowComponents & subsystemsSuboticaSerbia2019––
Serbian LFP cell startup running a pilot line in Subotica and planning an 8 GWh gigafactory, one of the few homegrown cell makers in Eastern Europe.
Very low relevance · Components & subsystems · Serbia, Subotica · founded 2019
